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Executive summary
• The needs assessment was carried out by a CARE International Sudan team led by the MEAL coordinator. The assessment was carried out in South Darfur State, covering Gureida locality and the East and South Jabal Mara areas in Kas locality. The aim is to assess the current situation, identify the gaps and needs of the target communities and recommend key interventions that meet the real needs of the target people. A variety of data collection methods were used, including individual interviews with household leaders, focus group discussions with representatives of various community groups, document review of existing information, and key informant interviews with authorities in relevant ministries and institutions.
• Only 7.6% of the people in the assessed area have easy access to adequate safe water for their families, 92.4% suffer from either difficulties in obtaining water, poor water quality or insufficient quantity for their households.
• The responsibility for fetching water lies mainly with women (55%) and girls (27%).
This not only puts a disproportionate burden on women and girls in terms of time and energy spent, but also exposes them to various types of violence (21.9% reported it), including sexual harassment (reported by 3.8%).
• There is a lack of hygiene promotion within the assessed communities as 97% of respondents indicated that they had not received any type of capacity building in WASH, this is reflected in the way communities deal with environmental and personal hygiene: Only half (50.9%) of respondents regularly wash their hands with soap and water. Regarding sanitation, 45% of the population practices open sewage. Interestingly, while 51.5% of the population has a toilet in their household, 36.6% of the population uses a toilet in their household. Lack of hygiene and sanitation is linked to poor health outcomes, with open defecation contributing to the risk of (sexual) violence against women,
• The assessed areas suffer from a lack of health facilities and the available facilities are poor in terms of required services, only 36.4% of the people consulted have health facilities in their villages, including health centers (31.3%), hospital (6, 5%) and clinics (2.2%).
• Women and girls suffer from poor access to sexual and reproductive health services.
Only 28.1% of births took place in a health facility, with the help of a trained midwife (21.3%), a nurse (3.4%) or a doctor (3.4%). Home births by a traditional midwife were the most common mode of birth (38.2%). Traditional birth attendants lack formal education and some of them also engage in harmful traditional practices such as female genital mutilation.
• Malnutrition among children under 5 is high (37.6%) as a result of; 1) lack of capacity among mothers on the importance of intensive breastfeeding for infants and other best feeding practices for other children, 2) poverty and low livelihoods among the target communities affecting their access to food.
• Agriculture is the main source of income for 88.9% of the consulted households in the assessment area, 65% of them are female-headed households, and within the consulted women, 86.5% depend on agriculture as their main source of income . 55.4% of people depend on their own agricultural production as the main 5 | A source of food for their families. All interviewed farmers practice traditional rain-fed agriculture
• Household income is very low in the assessed area, as 84.1% of the people consulted have an income of 5000 SDG (12 USD) or less per month, 12.4% earn 5000 -10000 SDG/month, while only 3.5% of people earn more than SDG 10,000 per month. In the months leading up to harvest, food insecurity is at its peak. In September, 93.3% if people suffer from lack of food. The figures were also particularly high in August (58.8%) and October (19.4%).
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