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When a corporation raises funds for startup or expansion costs, small shares of that business are sold as public stocks, also known as equities. Once the stocks are purchased from the companies that issue them on the primary stock market, they can be traded by stockbrokers on the secondary stock market, as detailed by Annuity.org. Well-known stock exchanges such as Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange are part of this market. The very concept of supply and demand affects stocks the same way it affects consumer goods; prices fall when there is more supply than demand and rise when there is more demand than supply.
While most stock market activity has historically taken place through stockbrokers, the landscape is quickly changing thanks to automated trading platforms. These platforms use advanced software and algorithms to apply stringent rules to the automatic trading of stocks without human interference (via Investopedia). Apps like Acorns and Robinhood are also available to the public and allow consumers to buy and sell stocks directly from their smartphones, cutting out the middleman and making investing more accessible than ever.
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