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About this release
The National Travel Survey (NTS) is a household survey of the personal journeys of English residents traveling in the UK, from data collected through interviews and a seven-day travel diary, enabling analysis of patterns and trends. This release covers key findings from this travel behavior in 2021. The March 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on travel trends in 2020 and 2021 and influenced the performance of this study.
Fieldwork for the NTS 2021 survey continued to be affected by the coronavirus restrictions from March 2020, with data collection combining the approach used in 2020 with interviews conducted by telephone (push-to-telephone approach). instead of face-to-face, and to increase response rates, recruiting trained interviewers, with interviews conducted over the phone (nudge-to-nudge approach).
The 2021 survey response rate was midway between 2019 levels (14,356 individuals) and 2020 levels (6,239 individuals) with 9,971 individuals participating in the survey, an increase of 60% compared to 2020, but a 31% decrease compared to 2019. Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting these results for 2020 and 2021, as they are likely to be less representative of the people of England in compared to previous years. Please see our technical note for more details.
Cycling trends
Figure 13: Average cycle journeys made and miles traveled per person per year: England, 2002 to 2021 (NTS0303)
There is an overall upward trend in average bicycle miles traveled from 2002 to 2019 (54 miles per person) and then a sharp increase in 2020 to 88 miles per person and a decrease in 2021 to 55 miles per person. This is similar to the overall average for 2019, but as Figure 14 shows, the majority of trips in 2021 were for leisure, with a smaller proportion being work and business trips. Overall, the average miles traveled by bicycle in 2021 (55 miles per person) is 43% higher than in 2002 (39 miles per person).
When looking at the number of bicycle trips per person, the trend remains broadly similar between 2002 and 2021, but with a slight increase in 2020. In 2021, there were an average of 15 bicycle trips per person, a decrease of 27% in compared to 2020 when there were an average of 20 bicycle trips per person. The relatively small number of bicycle trips in the sample means that this series can be variable, but has remained between 14 and 20 trips per person per year since 2002.
Figure 14: Ratio of bicycle journeys per person per year, by purpose of journey: England, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (NTS0409)
The most common purpose for cycling was for leisure with 46% in 2021. This was followed by commuting (27%), shopping (11%) and education or escort training (8%). Despite noticeable changes in proportions, in 2020 and 2019 the most common purposes of bicycle trips were the same as in 2021: leisure (55% and 34% respectively), commuting (20% respectively % and 33%), shopping (11% and 12% respectively) and escort education or training (6% and 10% respectively).
Figure 15: Average number of cycle journeys and miles traveled by age and sex: England, 2021 (NTS0601)
In 2021, men made more bicycle trips than women in all age groups, with a total average of 24 bicycle trips per person in 2021 compared to 7 bicycle trips per person by women. Men aged 50 to 59 made the most trips by bike with 40 trips per person in 2021. Among women, those aged 40 to 49 made the most trips by bike with 12 trips per person in 2021
Overall, men covered four times the distance with an average of 89 miles cycled, compared to 22 miles cycled by women. The same age groups that made the highest number of bicycle trips for men and women also traveled the longest distance with 182 miles traveled on average by men aged 50 to 59 and 49 miles traveled on average by women aged age 40 to 49, in 2021
Figure 16: Percentage of people with access to a pedal cycle, by age group: England, 2021 (NTS0608)
In 2021, 47% of people aged 5 and over had access to a bicycle with pedals. Young children aged 5 to 10 had the highest rates of access to the pedal cycle at 89%, followed by 11 to 16 year olds (70%) and 40 to 49 year olds (53%).
Figure 17: Frequency of cycling: England, 2021 (NTS0313)
About 16% of people reported cycling at least once a week, and 61% less than once a year or never at the time of the 2021 interview. In 2020, 20% of people reported cycling at least once weekly, and 61% less than once a year or never, and in 2019, 14% of people reported cycling at least once a week, and 67% less than once a year or never. The figures were broadly stable between 2003 and 2019, but after peaking in 2020, the proportion of people cycling at least once a week fell in 2021. In 2020, the proportion of people cycling less from once a year or never fell to its lowest since 2003 and remains stable in 2021.
Trends in pedestrian travel
Figure 18: Average miles walked and journeys made, including walking more than one mile, per person per year: England, 2002 to 2021 (NTS0303)
In 2021, the average number of pedestrian trips remained similar to 2020 at 235 trips per person, but this was a 6% decrease compared to 2019 (250 trips per person) and an overall decrease of 11% compared to 2002 (264 trips per person). The number of trips on foot over one mile decreased compared to 2020 to 82 trips per person in 2021, a decrease of 6%, but this was still a 26% increase compared to 2019 (65 trips per person ) and a total increase of 9% compared to 2002 (75 trips per person).
Average miles traveled per person per year decreased by 4% to 210 miles per person in 2021 compared to 2020 (220 miles per person), but this was a slight increase of 3% compared to 2019 (205 miles per person). Distance traveled for walks of more than one mile also decreased by 7% to 126 miles per person in 2021 compared to 2020 (135 miles per person), but this was a 26% increase compared to 2019 (100 miles per person) and an overall increase of 8% compared to 2002 (117 miles per person).
Figure 19: Proportion of walking journeys per person per year, by purpose of journey: England, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (NTS0409)
The most common purpose for walking trips is other, including simply walking, with 45% in 2021. This is followed by education or escort training (18%), shopping (15%) and leisure (8%). In 2020 and 2019, the most common purposes of walking were the same as in 2021, for others involving simply walking (48% and 24%, respectively), followed by education or escort training (16%, respectively and 21%), shopping (15% and 18% respectively) and leisure (8% and 16% respectively).
Figure 20: Average journeys on foot and miles traveled by age and sex: England, 2021 (NTS0601)
Overall, women made more trips on foot in 2021 on average, with 256 trips per person, compared to men with 213 trips per person. This was observed in all age groups except those aged 17 to 20 years. For both men and women, those aged 40 to 49 took the most trips on foot, with an average of 292 trips per person by men and 320 trips per person by women.
For both men and women, those aged 40 to 49 also walked the longest, with 281 miles per person for men and 286 miles per person for women in 2021. Overall, women also walked the longest distance in the year compared to men at 218 miles per person, compared to 202 miles per person by men in 2021.
Figure 21: Frequency of walks of 20 minutes or more: England, 2002 to 2021 (NTS0312)
The proportion of people who reported walking a mile or more 3 or more times a week increased from 35% in 2002 to 60% in 2020, but fell slightly in 2021 to 58% . The proportion of people who reported walking a mile or more less than once a year or never fell from 23% in 2002 to 12% in 2020 and remained stable in 2021 at 12% .
Figure 22: Frequency of walks of 20 minutes or more: England, 2021 (NTS0312)
About 78% of people reported walking 20 minutes or more at least once a week, and 12% of people reported walking 20 minutes or more less than once a year or never in 2021. These proportions were similar in 2020 and 2019
General information
The 2021 National Travel Survey (NTS) is the latest in a series of personal travel household surveys of English residents traveling within the UK, from data collected through interviews and a seven-day travel diary. The NTS is part of an ongoing survey that began in 1988, following ad hoc surveys since the 1960s, that allows analysis of patterns and trends.
Some key uses of the data include describing patterns, for example how different groups of people travel, monitoring travel trends, including sustainable modes; assessment of the potential impact on the equality of different groups; and contribution to policy evaluation.
We always welcome feedback to ensure the survey meets user needs, and any feedback provided will help inform future survey design and development. If you have any feedback, please email National Travel Survey Statistics.
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National statistics
These statistics are called national statistics. National statistics are produced in accordance with high professional standards as set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics. The Code of Practice for Statistics plays an essential role in ensuring that statistics published by government inspire public confidence by demonstrating reliability and providing high quality statistics. This statistic was designated as a national statistic in July 2011. The continued designation was confirmed in September 2018.
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